exercise in May

Tugas “Buat kalimat positive, negative, dan introgative dalam Simple Past Tense, Simple Present Perfect dan Simple Past Perfect

Ø      Simple Past Tense

1.      (+) We finished our meal

(-) We didn’t finish our meal

(?) Did they finish their meal?

2.      (+) Sinjo cooked fried chicken to Filza

(-) Sinjo didn’t cook fried chicken to Filza

(?) Did she cook fried chicken to Filza?

            3.   (+) Arika went to Banten by bus

                  (-) Arika didn’t go to Banten by bus

                  (?) Did she go to Banten by bus?

4.      (+) Dita bought a dress at factory outlet

      (-) Dita didn’t buy a dress at factory outlet

      (?) Did she buy a dress at factory outlet?

5.      (+) Tulusey ate steak at Restaurant

(-) Tulusey didn’t eat steak at Restaurant

(?) Did she eat steak at Restaurant?

Ø      Simple Present Perfect Tense

1.      (+) Priliani has read a novel

(-) Priliani hasn’t read a novel

(?) Has she read a novel?

2.      (+) Giyarid has cooked a cake

(-) Giyarid hasn’t cooked a cake

(?) Has she cooked a cake?

3.      (+) I have washed the dishes

(-) I haven’t washed the dishes

(?) Have you washed the dishes?

4.      (+) The dogs have eaten their food

(-) The dogs haven’t eaten their food

(?) Have the dogs eaten their food?

5.      (+) The programmer has finished

(-) The programmer hasn’t finished

(?) Has programmer finished?

Ø      Simple Past Perfect Tense

1.      (+) He had a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house.

(-) He had not bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house.

(?) Had he bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house?

2.      (+) She had read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam.

(-) She hadn’t read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam.

(?) Had she read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam?

3.      (+) They had gone to bed by ten o’clock

(-) They hadn’t gone to bed by ten o’clock

(?) Had they gone to bed by ten o’clock?

4.      (+) The cat had killed the parrot

(-) The cat hadn’t killed the parrot

(?) Had the cat killed the parrot?

5.      (+) I had gone when he arrived at my home

      (-) I hadn’t gone when he arrived at my home

      (?) Had you gone when he arrived at my home?

                       

Tugas “Cari materi mengenai Noun Clause beserta sumbernya”

Noun Clause

Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini, sebenarnya masih ada clause lainnya seperti Adverb Clause dan Adjective Clause. Untuk mendalami penjelasan mengenai Noun Clause, silahkan perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:

Menurut jenis kalimat asalnya, Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:

1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan).

Penjelasan:

1. Statement

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement)
• That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause)

2) Subjek Kalimat setelah "It"

• It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia

3) Objek Pelengkap

• My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia

4) Objek Kata Kerja

• All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia

5) Apositif

• My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct.

2.      Question

A. Yes/No Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "whether (or not/or if)"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Can she drive the car? (Question)
• Whether she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or not she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether she can drive the car or not doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or if she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is whether she can drive the car.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder whether she can drive the car (or not).

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about whether she can drive the car.

B. Wh- Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• What is he doing? (Question)
• What she is doing doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is what she is doing.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder what she is doing.

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about what she is doing.

Catatan:

Posisi kembali normal, tidak seperti posisi sebuah pertanyaan normal.

3. Request

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Objek Kata Kerja

• Read the book! (Request)
• He suggested that I read the book. (Noun Clause)

Catatan:

Tanda seru hilang.

4. Exclamation

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya yang dipakai pada kalimat itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Objek Kata Kerja

• What a pretty girl she is? (Exclamation)
• I never realize what a pretty girl she is. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Kata Depan

• We are talking about what a pretty girl she is.

Catatan Tambahan:

• Noun Clause dengan "that" digunakan sebagai subjek dari suatu kalimat hanya dengan kata kerja tertentu. Dan kata kerja (verb) yang penting adalah linking verb, khususnya BE.
• Noun Clause dengan "that" sering menjadi objek dari verb (kata kerja), beberapa verb berikut ini biasanya mempunyai subjek yang me�nunjukkan manusia. Kata-kata tersebut terutama sekali adalah verb yang digunakan dalam Indirect Speech Berta verb yang menyatakan kegiatan mental.

Kata Kerja Kalimat Tak Langsung

Admit, agree, allege, announce, argue, assert, assure, declare, aver, boast, claim, complain, confess, convince, deny, disagree, explain, foretell, hint, inform, insist, maintain, notify, persuade, pray, predict, proclaim, promise, relate, remark, remind, report, say, state, swear, teach, tell, threaten, warn

Kata Kerja Aktivitas Mental

Ascertain, assume, believe, calculate, care (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), conceive, conclude, consider, convince, decide, discover, doubt, dream, expect, fancy, feel, find out, forget, grant, guess, hear, hold (pendapat), hope, imagine, indicate, know, judge, learn, mean, mind (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), notice, perceive, presume, pretend, prove, question, realize, recall, reckon, recollect, reflect, regret, rejoice, remember, reveal, see, show, suppose, surmise, think, trust, understand, wish

Contoh:

1. Alex thinks that Mary is ill.
2. Bob told me that he had finished breakfast.
3. Henry says that Jack is very busy.
4. He insists that there is a mistake.
5. He complained to his friend that his wife couldn't cook.

• Dalam percakapan yang tidak resmi (informal) "that" sering dihilangkan dari objek Clause jika artinya (maksudnya) sudah jelas dapat dimengerti tanpa adanya "that".

Contoh:

1. I am sorry (that) I couldn't meet you at the station.
2. He says (that) they plan to come to the dance.
3. We thought (that) you had already left for abroad.
4. The reason we returned so early is, (that) one of the children got sick.

• Noun Clause dari question (pertanyaan) yang terletak sesudah verb yang memerlukan 2 objek mungkin berfungsi sebagai salah satu atau kedua objek dari verb tersebut.

Contoh:   

1. Give the man (Indirect Object) what is in this envelope (Direct Object)
2. Give what is in the envelope  to the man.

• Noun Clause dari pertanyaan mungkin diawali dengan kata-kata tanya yang berfungsi sebagai: Pronouns, Adjectives, atau Adverbs. Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah: Pronoun     = who (ever), what (ever(, which. (ever), Adjective = whose, what (ever), which (ever), Adverb = how (ever), when (ever), where (ever), why.

Contoh:

1. We don't know who will be coming from the employment agency. (who adalah subjek dari will be coming)
2. We don't know whom the employment agency will send. (whom adalah objek dari will send)
3. We will ask whoever comes from the employment agency. (whoever adalah subjek dari comes)
4. We will ask whomever the employment agency sends. (whomever adalah objek dari sends)

• Dalam Noun Clause dari pertanyaan, subjek dan verb mempunyai susunan yang umum, yakni terletak sesudah introductory word.
• Noun Clause dari permintaan dimulai dengan that- Clause ini paling sering merupakan objek dari verb yang menyatakan permintaan, saran, atau keinginan dan sebagainya.

Contoh:

1. He is requesting that a company car be placed at his disposal.
2. The doctor recommended that he take a vacation.
3. It was suggested that she leave immediately.
4. It was proposed that the meeting be adjourned.

• Kadang-kadang "that" yang merupakan kata permulaan Clause dapat digantikan dengan susunan infinitive setelah kata-kata kerja yang menunjukkan permintaan seperti advise, ask, beg, command, desire, forbid, order, request, require, argue.
• Subjek dari that-Clause sering dalam bentuk passive dari verbs of requesting dengan susunan anticipatory it.

Referensi : http://ismailmidi.com/berita-170-noun-clause.html

exercise in April

Parallel Constructions

Parallel lines are lines that are side by side—they balance each other in form.  Parallel form in writing means that expressions that are of similar function or content should balance each other also.  They should have the same pattern of words or form to show that they have equal importance.  Using parallel form or construction lets your reader see the connection between those words, phrases, and clauses.  It also gives a pleasing rhythm to your writing and marks you as one who knows how to use the language to your advantage.  Readers may not know that you are using parallel construction, but they will know that your sentences just seem “right.” 

Examples:

• Andrew washed the dishes, swept the floor, and cleaning the refrigerator.

In this sentence, the first two tasks in the series are in the past tense (washed, swept), but the last task there is a different form of verb.  The sentence should read:  Andrew washed the dishes, swept the floor, and cleaned the refrigerator.

• In class, CC taught us how to pronounce words, idioms, corrected our spelling, and informal usage.

Notice the series of things CC taught:  “how to pronounce” is an infinitive, “idioms and usage” are nouns, and “corrected” is a past-tense verb.  This sentence is not a parallel construction!  In order to correct it, you should have all items in the series in the same form.

Infinitives:  In class, CC taught us how to pronounce words, how to recognize idioms, how to spell correctly, and how to speak using informal usage.  (It is perfectly correct to omit the words how to after the first example.  Just remember, that these words are then "understood" by the reader or listener.  Use the how to in front of just the first thing in the series, or in front of all of them.  Don't skip around.)  Or you might be able to change the infinitives to nouns as shown below:

Nouns:  In class, CC taught us pronunciation, idioms, spelling, and informal usage.

·                     Hank’s website is noticeable because it is colorful, full of information, and he added many elements to it.

A series is not parallel when it contains dissimilar elements.  This sentence joins two complements--colorful and full of information--and an independent clause.  The items in this series must match—be parallel.

·                     Hank’s website is noticeable because it is colorful, informational, and varied. (We changed all the elements to complements.)

·                     Hank's website is noticeable because of its use of color, amount of information, and variety of elements. (We put all the elements in prepositional phrases.)

Another example:

·                     His reasons for refusing are: first, the salary is too low; second, that the hours are too long; third, the work is too hard.

Did you see the that in the second reason?  The "that clause" should be used consistently with the items in this series.  Remember, a series can be made with phrases or clauses, not just individual words.  Also notice that a semicolon is used to separate the items in the series.  This is because the phrases each contain a comma already; using another comma to separate the clauses would be too confusing.

·                     His reasons for refusing are: first, that the salary is too low; second, that the hours are too long; and third, that the work is too hard. 

Or you may do it this way:

·                     His reasons for refusing are: first, the salary is too low; second, the hours are too long; and third, the work is too hard.

Refrensi: http://www.annies-annex.com/parallel_construction.htm

exercise in march

exercise 16 up to 20

exercise

16. The doctor said, ”Come back again tomorrow?”

            The doctor said whether I came back again tomorrow.

17. The teacher said to us, ”Type your compotitions.”

            The teacher said to us to type our compotitions.

18. I said to the boy, ”Put the package inside the door.”

            I said to the boy to put the package inside the door.

19. I said to him, ”Don’t call me again at this late hour.”

            I said to him to don/t all me again at this late hour.

20. I said to him, ” Don’t ever try that trick again.”

            I said to him to don’t ever try that trick again.

Change the following sentences to indirect speech!

exercise

2. David said the plane will probably get in late.”

            David said that the plane would probably get in late.

4. The doctor said, “She’ll get well quickly.”

            The doctor said that she would get well quickly.

6. Richard said, “I saw that movie lastweek.”

            Richard said that he had seen movie lastweek.

8. Suzzane said to her boyfriend, “I can’t go tonight.”

            Suzzane said that she couldn’t go tonight.

10. She said to him, “The light aren’t working.”

            She said that the light weren’t working.

12. The boy said, “I’m only eight years old.”

            The boy said that he was only eight years old.

14. Ms. Bremer said, “I don’t do business thatway.”

            Ms. Bremer said that she didn’t do business thatway.

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Details
Full Name : Mega Brilianingrum
Sex : Female
Place, Date of Birth : Jakarta, Januari 27, 1993
Nationality : Indonesia
Marital Status : Single
Height, Weight : 165 cm, 49 kg
Health : Perfect
Religion : Moslem
Address : Perum Mekarsari Permai, Blok Q No.3, Mekarsari. Cimanggis, Depok
Mobile : 085692187XXX
E-mail : megabrilian@yahoo.co.id 

Educational Background
1998 - 2004 : Elementary School, Depok
2004 - 2007 : Junior High School No.1, East Jakarta 
2007 - 2010 : Senior High School No.1, East Jakarta
2010- NOW : Economy Management at the University Gunadarma, Depok


task direct indirect:
The Teacher said "I have to finish this homework to night"
*>The Teacher said that he had to finish this homework last night.